I taught piano from the time I was 16 years old, and earned a degree in music education (piano and vocal) with a stress on piano pedagogy.  It seemed the ideal way to help with our family income without leaving my children.  Indeed, my children were also my students, and any time I had to go out of town for a competition they went too.
            I had students ranging in ages from 4 to 80, and I usually found that the students on the extreme ends of that range were the ones who took most of my energy.  I once had a 70 year old from a town 30 miles distant.  He was a real joy because of his intense interest and zealous practice.  He studied his theory lessons so hard that he regularly came to his lesson with a list of questions that took nearly half his allotted time to answer. 
            Once, when we were studying chords, he despaired at ever being able to instantly play one from its symbol alone.  Memorizing the difference between an A7, Am7, Adim7, AMaj7, as well as the standard A, Am, A+, and Adim took him several minutes and a lot of concentration. 
            “You do it!” he once said in exasperation, pushing the theory book my way on the rack, and I calmly played them one after the other simply by reading the symbols.
            “How long till I can do that?” he grumbled.
            I reminded him that I have been at this since I was 7, and had four years of college theory under my belt, too.  It would be a shame if I couldn’t do it.
            That reminded me of Heb 5:12-14:   For though by this time you ought to be teachers, you need someone to teach you again the basic principles of the oracles of God. You need milk, not solid food, for everyone who lives on milk is unskilled in the word of righteousness, since he is a child. But solid food is for the mature, for those who have their powers of discernment trained by constant practice to distinguish good from evil.
            We apply that principle to life without thinking, as he did to his music lessons, but we want to make excuses when it comes to spiritual matters.  My student, because of his diligent practice and meditation on the theoretical aspects of music and harmony, had come a long way in a short time.  Though he might have been impatient with himself, when I asked him to go back to a piece he had struggled with the year before and he found it simple to play, he could recognize his growth and improvement.  He “trained himself with constant practice” and was ready for some pretty solid food in the way of piano compositions and music theory.
            It is easy to look down on yourself when all you see is your failings and others’ abilities.  If you became a Christian later in life, not having grown up with the Bible narratives taught in every children’s Bible class, not having heard sermon after sermon for years, it will be a struggle for you to catch up.  If you have simply sat on a pew handed down as if it were an inheritance, and only wakened to your commitment to the Lord as an adult, you might be behind, too. 
            There is a wealth of information in the scriptures, and as you get older, learning seems to take far more effort.  For me numbers especially become more and more confusing.  I remember passages because I memorized them as a child.  Start calling out numbers to me now and they will leave my mind immediately, or, if somehow remembered, will come out transposed. 
            Don’t give up—just practice more.  If a 70 year old man can learn chord symbols, if he can play thirteen major scales, and thirteen minors in all three variations, if he can become one of the best music students I ever had, you can certainly do the same for God.  And if you ever despair, take a look back a year or so ago.  Don’t you see the improvement?  Don’t you see the fruit of your effort?  You know more, you understand more, you can even answer questions you could not have comprehended when you first started.
            That is, you can, if you have been working at it.
 
Practice these things, immerse yourself in them, so that all may see your progress, 1 Tim 4:15.
 
Dene Ward

Some time ago I watched as a congregation decided to de-emphasize the teaching of Bible facts and spend the vast majority of time on the "emotion" of religion.  The reasoning went like this—we have lost so many because all we teach is facts and we forgot to teach them to love God.  Hmmm.  I hope that I and many of my generation put the lie to that.  We were drilled on the facts, but we got the whole story every time, not just part of it so of course we learned to love God, and we also learned to obey Him because healthy fear was a part of that love just like it was when we thought about our parents.  The emphasis was always on God:  we learned facts because it was part of His Word and He expected us to know about Him and what He wanted from us.
            And that congregation I mentioned?  That shift in emphasis led to a whole generation that married Rebekah off to Abraham, propagated denominational errors (like the wise men at the birth of Jesus or the imputation of Christ's perfect life), had no knowledge of the need for Biblical authority, and thought any church would do if you were running late on Sunday morning.  And they lost just as many of the next generation as the method they were decrying did.
            God's Word is profound.  It is not a quick-read self-help book that can be taken up and put down at one's leisure, or just when a problem arises, and expect to get what God intended out of it.  And the only way to really understand those deep things is to know—wait for it!—FACTS!  The more you know, the more you understand, the more connections you see, the more amazement you feel and the more love and awe for your Creator you will have.  The facts beget the feelings, not the other way around.
            So yes, it is sometimes difficult to teach facts to children.  That is why I have come up with so many games to help them out.  You can check the gallery to see my David game and Prophets game.  I have another one about Moses leading the people through the wilderness to the Promised Land.  And then there are the memory verse relay races and the People, Places, or Things game.  All of these can be found in the archives under Bible Study.  Just keep scrolling down till you find them.  It will become obvious that I am neither creative nor an artist, but you don't need to be if the children are learning and enjoying it at the same time.  As they mature, the enjoyment will come from learning God's Word without fun and games.  Biblical discussions with knowledgeable people is its own source of pleasure.
            We have recently started a new game in the class I am now teaching, one a bit more sophisticated, for older students, say middle school and up.  You can use it for any list of people they are trying to memorize and learn about.  I have used it for the judges and recently, the apostles.
            First, you have to get those facts in their heads.  For example, I hand out a paper with the apostles' names in a list.  Then we go through it one by one, with the students adding all the names each apostle is known by.  Do your research and you will be surprised how many you find.  Peter is known by four names, Thaddeus, of all people, by three!  As they hear you say the names, then see them on the board, then feel their hands write the names on their papers, you are involving three of their five senses.  It is a principle of education—the more senses you involve, the easier it is to remember the facts. 
            Give them exactly one week to work on those names at home.  Then make up about 30 or 40 cards, depending on how many students you have.  You can use index cards, or index cards cut in half, or you can cut your own size cards out of card stock. Put the other names the apostles are known by on those cards—everything but the name we all call them, the standard list (Peter, Andrew, James, John, Philip, Thomas, Matthew, Bartholomew, James the Less, Simon, Thaddeus, Judas—do not use these, unless one of them is also a lesser known name of an apostle, hint:  Simon, Judas).  You will want three or four copies of each card.
            At class, deal the cards 7 or 8 per student.  When you call out one of the standard names, they are to look in their hand to see if they have one of the other names for that apostle and hold it up.  They can only hold up one card.  For example, if they have both Simon and Cephas, and you call out Peter, they have to choose one of those cards.  If they hold up a correct card, you take it.  If they hold up an incorrect card, they keep it and draw another.  The first one to run out of cards is the winner.  At that point, everyone shows their leftover cards and you review exactly who they are.  I always tell the ones who did not "win" that it did not mean they did not know the right names because it also depends upon which ones I call out.  Obviously, you call out the ones with more names more often, but I also try to call out every apostle at least once before repeating any of them.
          The third week you can add the disambiguators like the names of parents, siblings, occupations, and hometowns or areas.  We really only know about 7 hometowns.  The rest we just know as Galileans.  This means you have to add more cards and you too, need to study more.
            And what will this teach the students besides just facts?  For one thing, it teaches them that learning is fun.  For another it helps them see these men as real people.  After all, they had parents, some of whom were also disciples.  They had brothers.  They had families to provide for. They had occupations which they left to follow Jesus, which meant this affected their families too.  1 Cor 9:5 tells us their wives followed them around as they preached.  Jesus became their lives, not just a hobby.   If there is anything we have trouble with today, it is realizing that Christianity must be your life, not just a Sunday morning tradition.
          After writing this, I realize how difficult it was to explain.  If you have questions, please include them below, or on the Facebook link, or even in an email from the Contact page.  We really need to get back to teaching facts if we ever hope to reach hearts.                 

Dene Ward

I am sure you have experienced the feeling.  A favorite book is made into a movie, and then you find out who will play the starring role.  “No!” you think.  “Not him!”  He is too old, too young, too scrawny, too short, too “pretty.”  Whatever it is, you had already pictured the character in your mind and since this actor doesn’t fit your preconceived notions, you are not happy.
            It doesn’t really matter when it comes to movies.  It might very well matter when it comes to the Lord.
            I am sure we all picture Jesus in our minds.  Most of the time we need to scrap the picture entirely.  He was Jewish.  He was probably medium height for the day, which is considerably shorter than nowadays.  Isaiah plainly says he would not be handsome, and even that is predicated upon that culture’s view of things.  He certainly wasn’t pale and blue-eyed with a medium shade of brown hair as he is so often shown in pictures.  In a similar vein, the only thing about American women's penchant for "tall, dark, and handsome" that fit him was the "dark" part.
            He also didn’t act the way we think he did.  Too often we let modern society’s view of a milksop color our views of how he spoke and taught, how he interacted with others, and the emotions he might have shown.  Yes, he could be incredibly gentle, even with the sinners and especially with women and children.  But he could crack a stinging verbal whip as well.
            One of the ways I study, especially a passage that is already familiar to me, is to choose a word in it and look for every other use of that word I can find, trying to discover something new, or a deeper way of looking at a verse or event.
            Take the word “cry,” which is nearly as often translated “cry out.”  Strong’s says the word means “scream” or even “shriek.”  In Mark 9:27 two blind men cry out to Jesus, “Have mercy on us.”  In Mark 9:24, a desperate father cries out to Jesus because of his fatally ill child.  In Matt 27: 23 the mob cried out, Let him be crucified.  In Acts 19:28 and 32, in the midst of a riot and confusion, people cried out.
            Now let me make it even more obvious for you.  That Greek word is krazo, from which we get the English word “crazy.”  Are you getting the picture of what a person who did this would look and sound like?  His voice would not be quiet.  His face would not be calm.  His actions would definitely be agitated.  It would probably not be a pleasant experience to be anywhere near him.  I learned all this years ago when I was studying John 7.
            Then cried Jesus in the temple as he taught…John 7:28.  Yes, it is the same word.  Jesus was not a mealy-mouthed preacher.  He could rant with the best of them.  Even his apostles occasionally followed his example (Acts 23:6).  No, this was not his only method as we have indicated above, but it would be a good idea to examine the people who caused this reaction in him.  I wouldn’t want him to speak to me that way.
            Don’t let a mistaken view of the Lord make you take less than seriously the things he says.
 
…when the Lord Jesus is revealed from heaven with his mighty angels in flaming fire, inflicting vengeance on those who do not know God and on those who do not obey the gospel of our Lord Jesus, 2 Thes 1:7,8.
 
Dene Ward

My sisters and I have been studying the prophets of the Old Testament, and I mean all of them.  Not every prophet was a literary prophet—meaning he had a book named after him.  Many people the Bible calls a prophet we seem to have totally missed.  One of our first tasks was to list them all and I am sure the first one will surprise you:
            Then God said to him in the dream, “Yes, I know that you have done this in the integrity of your heart, and it was I who kept you from sinning against me. Therefore I did not let you touch her.  Now then, return the man's wife, for he is a prophet, so that he will pray for you, and you shall live. But if you do not return her, know that you shall surely die, you and all who are yours.” Gen20: 6,7.  When God himself calls Abraham a prophet you cannot argue with it.
            You have probably noticed several posts from the prophets in the past, all of which came from the class.  I imagine there will be many more.  When you reach my age and you have been "going to church" your whole life, you doubt there is all that much more to learn.  Then you study the prophets and the amount you didn't know is staggering—and humbling.  The thing is, I have studied a few of these men before, but I still learned more in the past few years than I have in the past twenty—or thirty. 
            It helps to have a knowledgeable husband, but even if you do not, grab those Bibles and get with it now.  It will take me years more to finish what I have only scratched the surface of.  In fact, we might start the whole thing over from the top, but really, as we approach the last chapter of Malachi, we need a break.  The prophets can be a little depressing, especially when you see that we have the same tendencies as the faithless people they preached to.
            Zechariah, however, gave us a few moments of comfort.  While it, too, has its share of gloomy predictions, the night visions were particularly encouraging.  Those visions came to the returning exiles who found life harder than they had expected.  The Persian king may have been "on their side," but that did not clear away the rubble; it did not make the crops grow; it did not make the people they had to run out of Jerusalem like them any better.  Nearly a hundred years later, they still suffered, building the city walls with half the men working and the other half standing guard.  Later on, Nehemiah thwarted several attempts on his life.  But in Haggai and Zechariah's time, when the Temple was finally rebuilt twenty years after the first group returned, it was a pale shadow of that first gold-covered masterpiece of architecture. So God sent Zechariah 8 visions, evidently all on the same night, visions of comfort and encouragement.
              We, too, live in a pagan world that stands against everything we believe.  Some of us are mocked at work, at school, in our neighborhoods because we do not follow the crowd in our lifestyle, dress, and speech.  When we look at some of our tiny, struggling congregations, we wonder how this can really be the promised, glorious kingdom.  We try to reach the lost and though some come to see, it seems most turn around and leave because it does not match their vision either.  And so we, too, wonder sometimes if God is even aware of us, if He understands our disappointments and frustrations.
            We need the same encouragement those people did so long ago—every generation needs it--so here goes a brand new series, "Zechariah's Night Visions."  For the next two weeks, you will find one night vision each day. You may think them challenging at times, but the encouragement they give will more than make up for that.  And you will more than likely learn a few new things.  Not too many churches pick up the book of Zechariah and study it.  Here is your chance to find out what you have been missing.
 
For whatever was written in former days was written for our instruction, that through endurance and through the encouragement of the Scriptures we might have hope. (Rom 15:4)
 
Dene Ward

The other day I was talking with a friend who loves to cook as much as I do.  We both spoke of how much more fun it is to cook for people who were not picky eaters.  When all that effort sits in the bowls and platters on the table with scarcely a dent made in them because this one prefers this and that one prefers that, it is hard not to be offended.  The very fact that I know so many more picky eaters these days than I did as a child emphasizes how wealthy this society has become.  Hungry people are not picky eaters.
            Real hunger is not a concept we understand.  We eat by the clock instead of by our stomachs, which may be the biggest reason so many of us are overweight.  If we only ate when we were truly hungry, would we eat too much on a regular basis?  A celebratory feast, which used to happen only once or twice or year, has become a weekly, if not daily, occurrence for many.
            And because we do not understand true physical hunger, we cannot understand Jesus’ blessing upon those who hunger and thirst after righteousness.  We think being willing to sit through one sermon a week makes us worthy, when that is probably the shallowest application of that beatitude.  We don’t want a spiritual feast.  We want something light, with fewer calories, requiring little effort to eat.  In fact, sometimes we want to be fed too.  Spiritual eating has become too much trouble.
            How many of us skip Bible classes?  How many daydream during the sermons, plan the afternoon ahead, even text message each other?  If more than one adult class is offered on Sunday mornings, how many choose the one that requires more study or deeper thinking?  When extra classes are offered during the week, what percentage of the church actually chooses to attend?  How many of us are actively pursuing our own studies at home, studies beyond that needed for the Sunday morning class?  If we won’t even eat the meals especially prepared for us by others, how in the world will be seek righteousness on our own and how will we ever progress past simple Bible study in satisfying our spiritual hunger?
            Picky eaters suddenly become omnivores when they really need to eat.  For some reason we think we can fast from spiritual food and still survive.  Amazing how we can deceive ourselves so easily. 
            So, what’s on your menu today, or have you even planned one?
 
Oh how love I your law! It is my meditation all the day. Your commandments make me wiser than my enemies; for they are ever with me. I have more understanding than all my teachers; for your testimonies are my meditation. I understand more than the aged, because I have kept your precepts. I have refrained my feet from every evil way, that I might observe your word. I have not turned aside from your ordinances; for You have taught me. How sweet are your words to my taste! sweeter than honey to my mouth! Through your precepts I get understanding: therefore I hate every false way. Psalm 119:97-104.

Dene Ward
 

Today's post is by Keith Ward.

Back in the old days when I was young, boys carried pocketknives everywhere—especially to school. Of course, we showed them off during recess and we whittled, not so much to make things but to prove whose knife was the sharpest. So, I learned to sharpen knives. And then Dad taught me to sharpen axes and I learned to take pride that my mower blades were as sharp as anyone's pocketknife. The mower cuts better and easier for a smoother lawn.

After I left full time preaching, I often preached by appointment in small churches and these were usually too far away to return home for lunch. Of course, someone would take me (or us) in for lunch. As a way to show gratitude, I would offer to sharpen their kitchen knives. I have been amazed to find that few know how to sharpen.  I still recall one sister asking me not to get them too sharp so she would not cut herself.  No amount of discussion or logic would convince her that a dull knife was more dangerous and more likely to result in serious cuts. But, it is true, one pushes harder to cut with a dull knife and it is more likely to slip and the force of the push will result in a more serious cut. A sharp knife would have cut the object more easily and resulted in no accident at all.

Dull knives are a danger in the church. Most of the trouble I have witnessed in 50 years has been caused by people of dull understanding but a sharp sense of the value of their opinion. They wield them wildly, slashing the air all about, certain that because they have not changed their minds in years, it must be truth. They bruise the innocent, slash the sensitive, kill the ignorant seekers. 

            But, should you attempt to sharpen their knowledge and understanding with sound scripture and unassailable logic, they will either go away in a huff or grudgingly concede, but spout that same dull basic or even erroneous point the next time that subject comes up. They can be sharpened no more than the edge of a two by four.

One's knowledge, understanding and abilities are not sharpened alone in the study. They are brought to a smooth and "sharp as a two-edged sword" edge by discussions with another of a different, even opposing viewpoint (sometimes, even sharp discussions). To become sharp, one must listen, then think, then give answer, listen, then think. If both are honest, one will change or both will. The truth may be that neither is wholly right but you are both sharpened by the discussion.

Think seriously: When did you last have an argument about the Word? An honest toward God argument determined to win and show the other the truth, yet also willing to listen. It likely has been too long and you have become dull in an age where no one wants to argue for anything.

The last step of sharpening a knife is to put it to the steel to true the edges. In fact, many times, this is all a knife needs as the edges were bent aside by being used. Thus, the chefs on a cooking show are often seen whetting their knives on a steel.

So, also do you. Learn something. Form an opinion. Go out to your friends and brothers and test it against the steel of other views. GROW sharper.
 
"Iron sharpens iron, and one man sharpens another. " (Prov 27:17).

Keith Ward

So faith comes by hearing and hearing by the Word of Christ Rom 10:17.

We all know that verse and quote it by rote, which is the problem—we don't think about what it says.  What we have just acknowledged in our quoting is that we can only have as much faith as our knowledge (or lack of) allows.

Every place we have worshipped, we have started a women's Bible class.  We could make a few points about that—about how women are the ones who willingly gather on a continuous basis for extra Bible study—but that's not the issue today.  Today I want to share with you things I have learned over the past 40 plus years about how to have a profitable women's Bible class.

1.  Do not allow it to become a hen party or a gossipfest.  I have heard that accusation in many places.  I have even had women refuse to come to my class because they assume that is what it is.  In fact, even after assurances, I had one woman tell me I was a liar and walk away "because they're all that way." 
     It is one thing to have a pre-determined amount of time set aside at the beginning of class (no more than 10 minutes) to share who needs our service that week—meals, visits, prayers, etc., especially before a prayer.  It's quite another to gossip.  

2.  Make it a real study time.   Everyone should understand that there will be work involved outside of class time.  We aren't coming to rehash the same old stuff, things we have known since childhood and can discuss off the cuff.  That would be a waste of a busy woman's time.  Don't allow it to become a gabfest either, but a directed discussion that will actually help people learn and grow.
     I have always had a trusted partner to help get the conversation back on track with a carefully worded question.  That way it doesn't sound like a rebuke when we suddenly stop the scattergun approach that has caused the class to stray from topic and go back to the matter at hand—which is learning something new.
     I have lost count of the times women have come to class only to leave after a week or two "because it's too much work."  Yes, it's work to learn something new.  You actually have to think a little bit.  You might even need to change your mind about a few things, but isn't that more exciting than the same old same old?

3.  Choose good, deep material that is suitable to the group.  If most of you are widows, why study "How to be a Good Wife?"  In fact, though it is never wrong to revisit those types of studies, even a class full of young wives and mothers needs to learn other things too.  How about the Psalms?  How about the prophets?  How about a topical study like faith?
     And don't judge a workbook by its title.  Ask someone who has used it.  For example, my Born of a Woman is often dismissed as "just another women of the Bible book."  Ask someone who has studied it.  You couldn't be more wrong.  I am sure the same is true of many other books out there. 
    And a word of caution:  I am hearing about a lot of classes using material that is not Biblical at all.  It isn't that I am against using anything written by someone from a denomination.  I pick up commentaries and Bible dictionaries all the time and the vast majority of the time, they are written by Calvinists of various stripes.  But I know what I am reading, I know what those folks believe, and I know what to beware of.  If you don't, you had better put it down until you do.
     And that also means you need to choose a knowledgeable teacher.  She needs to be willing to work harder than ever before in finding those things that are new to everyone, and be willing to go to others (perhaps a preacher or elder?) for help.  What would I have done without a husband who is a walking concordance, whose specialties include Romans, Ezekiel and Revelation, and the history of the Biblical text?  I don't know, but he isn't even the only one I have mined for information.  Don't be too proud to ask for help.

4.  Make it practical.  We are just finishing a three year study I wrote on the prophets.  But we always include the question:  So what does that mean for me?  How can I use this lesson that Isaiah or Micah or Haggai taught?  If all you are learning is pie-in-the-sky theory, how much good will that be to you tomorrow morning?  Theology is great, and yes, women can learn it no matter what anyone else might think, but it won't help you when your life falls apart, when your faith is tested, and you wonder how to put the pieces back together if you haven't learned how to apply the lessons it teaches.

5.  Make your class a safe place.  "What happens in class, stays in class."  Your gathering should be a place where women can ask questions that might raise eyebrows, where women can share faults and weaknesses, and where they can seek advice on touchy, extremely private problems knowing that it won't wind up spread all over the church, where they won't be laughed at, and where their faith won't be questioned. 
     However, as a wiser, older woman, that doesn't mean you can't share with a preacher that a certain topic might be a good one for an upcoming sermon without mentioning any names at all.  It doesn't mean that if a soul is in mortal danger you shouldn't go to the elders and ask for help to deal with it.  If you can't trust them to be discreet, why are they your elders?  And they are ultimately responsible for every soul in their care.

6.  Use this class not only to gain knowledge but to deepen relationships.  It really shouldn't have, but it has astounded me how close these groups of mine have become.  Part of that comes from getting together outside of class as well.  The Tuesday morning class breaks about 11:15 and many go out to lunch.  The third Sunday afternoon class eats a fast potluck lunch together, along with the husbands and children, before returning to the building for our 2 hours of study.  We have gone to the hospital together.  We have visited homes together.  When you feel comfortable and safe with one another (see number 5) you want to be together, and togetherness fosters closeness and understanding.  Use it.

7.  Invite others.  Sometimes it's hard to change the dynamic of a group.  We tend to want to keep it all to ourselves.  That's not what a Christian does.  Just as we want to share the gospel, we should want to share with our sisters what we have found in our Bible study group. 

Don't be discouraged.  If you have a class of depth that requires some work, it won't be as popular as the old hen parties of old.  But somewhere more women hunger for the Word just like you did, and they will be forever grateful if you find them.
 
Like newborn infants, long for the pure spiritual milk, that by it you may grow up into salvation— if indeed you have tasted that the Lord is good. (1Pet 2:2-3)

Dene Ward

A special entry from our guest writer.   This one could be very useful as you grow in your ability to study God's Word.

A. Know what it says before you even think about thinking about what it means—whether “IT” is a verse, a paragraph or a book.

1.  Diagram the sentence –Who/What (subject) did what (verb) to whom/what (object). Which of these do the other words modify (go with).
2. List repeated words/phrases.
3. Analyze: Why is it in this order? Where does this “Or” or “Therefore” refer back to? Are there any pivot points that divide one side from another, e.g. “Gal 5 The works of the flesh, the works of the spirit?
4. List words that need more study and thought.
5. Note the context, the broader subject this passage is part of.
6. Note the atmosphere of the passage—confrontational Jn 8, Sarcastic 2 Cor 11, Hostile Ax 7, Instruction 1&2Timothy, Plea Philemon.
7. Be sure your interpretation includes every word and phrase in its natural/normal meaning. Nothing was written without purpose. Stray words and phrases cannot be dismissed, find their purpose.
8. Look for the author’s outline of a book or subject. Your interpretation must fit it. John’s 7 signs, In 1 Cor 8-11:1, the interpretation of10:1-13 must fit the purpose of the section.
9. Note repetition—When the Bible skips so much we wish to know, why is this repeated? e.g. Moses receives the Tabernacle plan (Ex 25-31) and then the building of it is described almost word for word (Ex 36-40); 2Kg 19-20 copies Isa 37-38.

 
B.   Figurative language is a special part of knowing what it says.

1. Words should always be interpreted with their literal meaning unless there is compelling reason to make it figurative. Such as 1) impossibility, 2) is said to be figurative, 3) common sense e.g. God is a Rock cannot be literal.
2. A figure makes only one point e.g. the parable of the sower is talking about what kind of soil one chooses to be and no point can be made about sowing, in fact, the man was a poor sower, The rich man and Lazarus is about the power of God’s word  and points about the afterlife are tenuous at best.
3. Metaphor -- The Lord is my shepherd, neath his sheltering wings….
4. Metonomy – The part is put for the whole or the whole for the part. “Come see my new wheels.” Jesus, “Not one jot or tittle shall pass from the law” Paul, “the word of the cross.”
5. Hyperbole – exaggeration for emphasis. Beam in eye, camel through the eye of a needle, salt lose its saltiness.

 
C. Note the type of literature your passage is in. Each type must be interpreted differently.
Drama: Job, and much of it is false (all the speeches of the friends), so be aware of who is speaking
Wisdom: Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, speaks in generalities and its truths are not 100% true, just generally so
Thesis: Rom, Eph, Heb, John, very organized,
Epistle: organized but more casual.
History: Samuel, Kings, Acts; History is written with purpose.

1.  Note the author’s stated purpose Jn 20:30, Gal 1:6-8, 2Pet 3:1, 1Jn 1:4, 2:1, 5:13
2. The Bible is written to persuade: Note how the passage under study fits into the logic of the thing being discussed and determine what we are being persuaded of.

Keith Ward

Although it was not one of the most repeated words I found in I John, lie/liar caught my eye as I read through it, probably because it is such a strong concept.  I did a quick check with my Bible program and yes, I was right.  John used those terms more than any other New Testament writer.  In fact, four of the five times Paul uses the word (lie), he is stressing that he is not lying, not that someone else is.  John is the one who has a penchant for looking people in the eye and making them face up to the fact that their actions put the lie to their claims.  Let's take a quick look at them.
            If we say we have fellowship with him while we walk in darkness, we lie and do not practice the truth (1John 1:6).  And why is that? Check the context.  Because God is light (v 5) and how can anyone have fellowship with the light when he walks in darkness (sin)?  So simple, yet how many don't seem to realize what they are doing?
           If we say we have not sinned, we make him a liar, and his word is not in us (1John 1:10).  This one seems a little confusing after the first one.  First he says we shouldn't sin, then he says we shouldn't claim not to sin.  How is that supposed to work?  It's not really that difficult.  Remember what we said God was?  He is light, and light exposes the darkness.  So what do we do when that darkness is exposed?  Do we keep walking in it, or do we "confess our sins" (v 9)?  It is the one who does not confess his sins when they are pointed out who is the liar.  Nor the one who says he has never sinned in the first place.
         Whoever says “I know him” but does not keep his commandments is a liar, and the truth is not in him (1John 2:4).  Many of these things have similar verses in John's gospel. What does Jesus say about himself in John 14?  "I am the way, the truth, and the life."  If Jesus is the truth, then his commands are truth too.  If we do not obey him, then the truth is not in us and that certainly makes us the opposite of truth, or liars.
          Who is the liar but he who denies that Jesus is the Christ? This is the antichrist, he who denies the Father and the Son (1John 2:22).  This is a handy verse to have in your hip pocket when someone starts going on about the Antichrist as if it were some superhuman demon who might attack us, especially in that person's views of a millennial kingdom.  Look at John's words:  Anyone who says Jesus is not the Christ is an antichrist.  Period.  I can think of a few religious groups that fit that mold easily, and a few of my neighbors too.  It's not some mystic apparition—it's people, and they are liars, John says.
          If anyone says, “I love God,” and hates his brother, he is a liar; for he who does not love his brother whom he has seen cannot love God whom he has not seen (1John 4:20).  This one ought to stop us in our tracks.  And why is that?  Because none of us would ever say out loud, "I hate my brother," but in the next moment we might sneer at them, gossip about them or slander them, look down our noses at them, or take an "us" and "them" attitude (I have heard preachers do this!) in a way that belies our words.  When we do anything like that, we are liars.  And remember this:  this man who is calling people liars is often called "the apostle of love."  Don't ever think that love means you don't correct the fallen.
          See how many lessons we can find by simply counting words?  This one ought to keep a class teacher or preacher busy for a few weeks itself! 
          Sometimes beginning things like this is difficult when it is new.  Can I help you get started with a few "assignments?"  Try finding all the places where John tells us what is involved in fellowship.  Find the places where he tells us why he wrote the epistle in the first place.  If you want to stay busy for a good while, look up all the times "love" is used and divide it into the object of that "love"—who or what it is that we should love.  Once you get started, it should come more easily, and, if I know my readers like I think I do, you will be hooked on the fact that you can learn all by yourself with just a little effort.
 
Whoever believes in the Son of God has the testimony in himself. Whoever does not believe God has made him a liar, because he has not believed in the testimony that God has borne concerning his Son (1John 5:10).
 
Dene Ward

Every so often I share Bible study methods with you, things I have tried that work for me.  The next couple of posts will be about my recent study of 1 John.
            When I begin a new study I usually read the book through at least twice before I do anything else.  The third time, I pick up a notepad.  By then I have realized that certain words are repeated again and again.  So, during that third read-through, I list those words.  Obviously, we are not talking about words like "the" or "of" or "that," even though they are repeated a multitude of times.   What we want are spiritual concepts like faith, fellowship, and truth, with corresponding verbs like "walk" or "overcome."  You might also notice two or three word phrases.  In that case, write down the entire phrase, such as "my little children."  Once have you your list, hone it further by including various forms of the same word like "righteous/ness" which would include both of those words in your count.
            My list for 1 John contained 16 words and phrases.  Understand:  you cannot read through and keep track of more than three words at a time.  That's a good way to miss some of them.  So I read through the book five more times slowly—speed is another sure-fire way to miss some—making the typical four lines and a crosshatch as I counted.  By then I had read 1 John 8 times.  Do you think that might have been a good thing to do, counting or not?  Of course it was.
            So why in the world would you want to count how many times a word is used in a book?  For one, it is a pretty good way to establish the themes and sub-themes of the book.  For another, it will help you discover the organization of a book, which will lead you to its purpose, the things that will help you apply the book to your life, and be what John and the Lord want you to be.
            Just to show you a few results of my counting in 1 John:  "abide" is used 23 times, "commandment" is used 13 times, "lie/liar" is used 8 times, "life" is used 15 times, and "love" is used 47 times! (Your count may differ according to the version you use.)  This is only a small portion of my list, but in a book that covers not quite four pages in my Bible, those numbers seem significant.  And those numbers also led to some more lists that were even more helpful.  That is where we will pick up tomorrow.
 
My little children, these things write I unto you that you may not sin. And if any man sin, we have an Advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous (1John 2:1).
 
Dene Ward