After you read this book you will realize that even though you think you have read the gospels, you have never really read them at all.
As one can easily see from even a quick reading, the Old Testament appears in one way or the other on practically every page of the New Testament. Hays shows us not only those obvious citations but also allusions and something he calls "echoes," things that can only be seen by a reader well-versed in the Old Testament. Just think of passages like these:
For if you believed Moses, you would believe me; for he wrote of me, John5:46.
And he said unto them, These are my words which I spoke unto you, while I was yet with you, that all things must needs be fulfilled, which are written in the law of Moses, and the prophets, and the psalms, concerning me. Then opened he their mind, that they might understand the scriptures, Luke24: 44,45.
And those two are only a tiny piece of the wealth the author presents. Already in my own studies I had come across Isaiah's vineyard parable (Isaiah 5) and its relationship to Jesus' own vineyard parable (Mark 12), but that is still nothing more than a thin veneer compared to the depths this author plumbs.
Hays patiently takes us through each gospel, not only showing the use of the Old Testament in each, but also analyzing the methods that each writer employs and why he does so. It will become painfully obvious that anyone who insists on using only a fourfold gospel approach to the life of Christ misses far more than half of what each writer was trying to show us because he is too focused on chronology and details to see the more complex allusions and echoesâthat one will be stuck with clear citations only. It also thoroughly scolds anyone who insists on ignoring the Old Testament as "no longer relevant."
My readers, who I know are above average intelligence, must still realize that this is a scholarly treatise. Occasionally, Hays writes in Greek, but probably 95% of the time he translates it somewhere else in the paragraph. It would do you well to keep a dictionary handy, not because you aren't smart but because theology and exegesis are not your bailiwick. I learned several new words after looking them up, not once but several times. You can too. Do not be discouraged by the page count either. My copy contained about 150 pages of notes and indices in the back.
Did I agree with everything in the book? No, I did not, but would it impress you to know that premillenialists don't like the way he presents Christ's kingdom as existing now? Funny what you can teach yourself out of with an intense study.
Echoes of Scripture in the Gospels is published by Baylor University Press.
Dene Ward